What is the origin of the Cold Food Festival and how does it differ from dynasty to dynasty?
According to records: The Cold Food Festival originated in the Spring and Autumn Period (the story of Duke Wen of Jin and Jie Zitui). What is the (origin and history) of the Cold Food Festival and are there differences in dynasties? The third month of the lunar calendar has another nice name called "Oriole Month", because of the chirping of orioles in late spring. So what should we pay attention to in this beautiful month? Let’s take a look at the special topic of March of the lunar calendar in 2020 on Shuimoxiansheng.com.What are the differences between the Cold Food Festival in different dynasties?Spring and Autumn Period: Fire Ban Festival Transformed into Cold Food Festival——In memory of Jie Zitui, a famous minister and righteous man of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. (1) Legend has it that when Duke Wen of Jin was in exile, Jie Zitui cut off his own flesh to feed him. (2) Duke Wen of Jin returned to his country and appointed his subjects as dukes. However, Jie Zitui refused to accept the reward and retired to Mianshan with his old mother. (3) Later, Duke Wen of Jin went to Mianshan to invite Jie Zitui to serve as an official, but Jie Zitui was unwilling to serve. Hiding in the mountains, Duke Wen of Jin's men set fire to the mountain in an attempt to force Jie Zitui to show up. As a result, Jie Zitui was burned to death under a big willow tree while holding his mother. (4) In order to commemorate this loyal and righteous man, Duke Wen of Jin issued an order: on the day of Jie Zitui’s death, no fire should be lit to cook, and cold food should be eaten. This was called the Cold Food Festival. Wei and Jin Dynasties: After the Three Kingdoms returned to the Jin Dynasty, the fire ban custom was restored (the time was shortened to three days) During the Han Dynasty, people in Shanxi banned fire for one month to commemorate the event. During the Three Kingdoms period, Emperor Cao Cao of Wei ordered the abolition of this custom. There is a sentence in "Yin Fa Ling", "I heard that Taiyuan, Shangdang and Yanmen all stopped burning and celebrated cold food 150 days after the winter solstice. It is said to be for Zitui", which prohibits people from eating cold food. If the offender is found guilty, the head of the family will be sentenced to half a year in prison, the chief clerk will be sentenced to 100 days in prison, and the chief magistrate will be deprived of one month’s salary. After the Three Kingdoms were unified by the Jin Dynasty, because the name was the same as the "Jin" of the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, people paid special attention to the history of the Jin area, and the custom of banning fire and celebrating the cold food festival in memory of Jie Zitui was restored. However, the time was shortened to three days. At the same time, the idea of commemorating Jie Zitui on Cold Food Festival was spread to all parts of the country, so Cold Food Festival became a national festival, and banning fire and eating cold food on Cold Food Festival became a common custom of the Han nationality. What is the origin of the Cold Food Festival?《1》The custom of banning fire at the end of mid-spring in the Zhou Dynasty: eating cold food <br /> The ancients used different trees to make fire according to the different seasons, and there was a custom of changing the fire with the season. And every time you change the fire, you have to replace it with a new fire. People are forbidden to light fires before the new fire arrives.——"Zhou Li·Autumn Officials·Si Jushi" says: "In the second half of spring, the wooden bell is used to enforce the fire ban in the country." ——Cooking is not allowed during the fire ban period. Food must be prepared in advance for consumption during the fire ban period. This kind of food is the so-called "Cold Food". 《2》 Customs of memorializing Jie Zitui: No smoking <br /> Jie Zitui was a loyal follower of Jin Prince Chong'er (later Duke Wen of Jin) during his exile in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was later burned to death, and the whole country was in mourning. "Jingchu Sui Shi Ji" says: "Jie Zitui was burned to death on March 5th. The people mourned for him and every spring evening, they would not light fires. This was called "banning fires". If they violated this rule, hail would fall and damage the fields. Planting willows on Cold Food Festival - Maintaining beauty <br /> The willow is a symbol of Cold Food Festival, originally meant to commemorate Jie Zitui's pursuit of political clarity. According to historical records from various places: "willows are planted on graves", "willow branches are broken off and marked on doors", "willows are planted on eaves, in bedrooms and kitchens", "also worn on the head or tied as a belt", "stored in bottles and offered to Buddha and gods", "willows are planted on doors", so there is a saying among the people that "if you don't wear willows during Qingming (Cold Food Festival), your beauty will turn into white hair". |
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