What is a digital compass? How does an electronic compass work?
Introduction: We are all familiar with the traditional Feng Shui compass. We often see Feng Shui masters holding a traditional compass to measure Feng Shui! So do you know the electronic compass? What is a digital compass? How does an electronic compass work? Let’s learn about it together below! If you want to know more articles and content related to the compass, please quickly enter the other compass-related article topics that Mr. Shui Mo has carefully prepared for you. Everything you want to know is there!Electronic compassElectronic compass, also known as digital compass, has been widely used as a navigation instrument or attitude sensor in modern technology. Compared with traditional pointer-type and gimbal-structured compasses, electronic compasses have low energy consumption, small size, light weight, high precision, and can be miniaturized. Their output signals can be processed to realize digital display. They can not only be used for pointing, but their digital signals can also be directly sent to the autopilot to control the ship's maneuvering. At present, the three-axis strapdown reluctance digital magnetic compass is widely used. This compass has the advantages of anti-shake and vibration, high heading accuracy, electronic compensation for interference fields, and can be integrated into the control loop for data link. Therefore, it is widely used in aviation, aerospace, robotics, navigation, vehicle autonomous navigation and other fields.How electronic compass worksThe three-dimensional electronic compass consists of a three-dimensional magnetoresistive sensor, a dual-axis tilt sensor and an MCU. The three-dimensional magnetoresistive sensor is used to measure the earth's magnetic field, and the inclination sensor is used to compensate when the magnetometer is not in a horizontal state; the MCU processes the signals of the magnetometer and inclination sensor as well as the data output and soft-iron and hard-iron compensation. The magnetometer uses three mutually perpendicular magnetoresistive sensors, and the sensor on each axis detects the strength of the geomagnetic field in that direction. The sensor in the forward direction, called the x-direction, detects the vector value of the geomagnetic field in the x-direction; the sensor in the left or y-direction detects the vector value of the geomagnetic field in the y-direction; and the sensor in the downward or z-direction detects the vector value of the geomagnetic field in the z-direction. The sensitivity of the sensor in each direction has been adjusted to the optimal point according to the component vector of the Earth's magnetic field in that direction, and has very low transverse axis sensitivity. The analog output signal generated by the sensor is amplified and sent to the MCU for processing. The magnetic field measurement range is ±2Gauss. By using a 12-bit A/D converter, the magnetometer can resolve magnetic field changes of less than 1mGauss. We can use this high resolution to accurately measure the magnetic field strength in the X and Y directions of 200-300mGauss, whether it is an upward change at the equator or a lower value at the north and south poles.The azimuth value can be determined using only the two vector values of the geomagnetic field in X and Y: Azimuth = arcTan(Y/X) This relationship is valid only when the detection instrument is parallel to the ground surface. When the instrument is tilted, the accuracy of the azimuth value will be greatly affected. The magnitude of the error depends on the location of the instrument and the size of the tilt angle. To reduce the impact of this error, a dual-axis tilt sensor is used to measure the pitch and roll angles. The pitch angle is defined as the angular change from front to back, while the roll angle is the angular change from left to right. The electronic compass converts and calculates the pitch and roll angle data, and "pull" the vectors of the magnetometer in the three axes back to a horizontal position from their original positions. The standard conversion formula is as follows: Xr=Xcosα+Ysinαsinβ-Zcosβsinα Yr=Ycosβ+Zsinβ Here Xr and Yr are the values to be converted to horizontal positions α is the pitch angle β is the roll angle. From the above three calculation formulas, it can be seen that the vector in the Z-axis direction plays a very important role in the entire compensation technology. To use these values correctly, the pitch and roll figures must be updated at all times. A ceramic matrix electrolyte sensor with a dual-axis wide linear range, high resolution, and low temperature drift coefficient is used to measure the pitch angle and roll angle. The tilt angle value is obtained after compensation by the temperature sensor on the circuit board. Features of electronic compass1. The three-axis magnetoresistive effect sensor measures the planar geomagnetic field and provides dual-axis tilt compensation.2. High-speed and high-precision A/D conversion. 3. Built-in temperature compensation minimizes temperature drift of tilt and pointing angles. 4. A built-in microprocessor calculates the angle between the sensor and magnetic north. 5. With simple and effective user calibration instructions. 6. With zero point correction function. 7. The shell structure is waterproof and non-magnetic. The principle of the electronic compass is to measure the earth's magnetic field. If there are magnetic fields other than the earth in the environment where it is used and these magnetic fields cannot be effectively shielded, then the use of the electronic compass will be very problematic. At this time, you can only consider using a gyroscope to determine the heading. Summary: The above is an introduction to the principles and characteristics of electronic compass! The emergence of electronic compasses also shows that the development and progress of science and technology helps to enhance traditional culture! I hope the above content is helpful to everyone! |
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